I don't have a "deaf voice," but my friends and family say that they can tell I can't hear well by the way I speak and pronounce words. (I'm now totally deaf because of CIs but had severe-profound hearing loss for the past 10 years)
When I received my first pair of HAs for a moderately-severe hearing loss, even my audi told me that she could tell that I was hard of hearing by the nasal quality of my voice as well as the way I slurred words. I've also had a lisp for as long as I can remember, but I don't know if that's due to my hearing loss or not.
As my hearing loss continued to progressively get worse over the years, my speech has remained pretty consistent.
By the time my hearing loss reached the severe-profound level, I had more difficulty hearing myself talk even with hearing aids which meant that I oftentimes spoke loudly without meaning to.
When both of my CI processors are removed, there is a definite "deaf quality" to my voice because I can't hear myself talk. Even though I know what speech should sound like, sometimes I can't enunciate as clearly as I'd like.
When my CIs are on, I speak very clearly. In fact, the quality of my speech is better than it has ever been because I can hear myself and all of the nuances of speech including voice inflection, syllable emphasis and volume regulation. Even my lisp is gone.