Interestingly accurate idiom for a non-native American.
All the Indians I know have spoken English since early childhood, and some from birth (at home). Idioms are part of typical vernacular for most of my Indian friends.
OP,
I often think, "Is the effort and repeaty-ness for both me and the group worth my joining the conversation right now?" I hate to be a bother when all they are talking about is some movie that I'm not interested in, anyway. That being said, it is important to connect with people, so sometimes it's worth it to take a breath, and just dive on in.
Things that help me:
1. I try to make a joke about being deaf person the first time I need to ask what something was or for them to look at me. They can already tell because of my bright blue hearing aids, but it seems to make them more comfortable and gives me more leeway in the "huh" department.
Note: You may need to make ha-ha-I'm-deaf comments every now and again if you are late-deafened. I'm post-lingual (scarlet fever ages 3 and 5), so others tend to forget that they need to speak slowly and clearly mid-conversation.
2. I always try to stand/sit in a place where I can see the most mouths if in a larger group.
3. I try to stick to one-on-one or two-on-one interactions. Any more, and I'm just completely lost.
4. If I am in a larger group, I try to identify the ones (1-3) who talk the most, and only focus on them, ignoring those who have less control and input re: the conversation. This may sound mean, like I don't care what relatively shy people have to say or something, but this is conversational survival.
5. A bright smile is better than "uh-huh" in response to something you don't understand, because "uh-huh" can get you into something you don't want to be. If it is unimportant, a bright smile is usually accepted as a response, and if it is important, people usually realize that you didn't understand and try again.
6. If you have enough info (context, lip movement, sound, etc) to figure out what was just said, but need a minute or two to run possibilities through your mind, it is useful to ask a question that's answer you already know, but that will take a while for the other person to explain. This way you don't need to be listening, and can focus on figuring out what you just missed.
Hmm... This is the first time I've ever tried to sit down and think through some of my methods... I usually just do them. I figure if you just practice as much as you can, you'll naturally develop methods, yourself.
Good luck!