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I lost my hearing at 10 months of age and am profoundly deaf. I've been speaking well all my life since I started oral education at the age of 18 months. I used to work in retail and provided a lot of customer service. I've had a lot of customers ask me "What country are you from?" This is because I sound like I have an accent. They do understand me, but I don't sound perfect like someone that just learnt English as a second language. This is what deaf speak sounds like. I think that the critical factor in being able to speak well as a deaf person is how soon one begins to learn how to speak and listen with hearing aids and how well the education is, how often they utilize that skill. I always had to speak in my family, social environment and at hearing school all throughout my child hood.
It also depends on how long the baby was exposed to sounds in the first few months. The first few months of a baby is crucial for neural development because that is when the brain is growing these neural pathways rapidly. That's why we expose babies to sounds, colors, touch, etc to encourage strong brain development. Then it slows down as we approach the toddler age. So that's why I had to start school right away as soon as they found out my deafness to take advantage of this stage. It made a huge difference in my ability to respond to sounds and speaking as well as possible.
I'm sure its different for someone that was born deaf and has never heard any sounds. Yes they can still learn to speak, however, the deaf accent might be a bit thicker. It would really depend on the person and their level of hearing loss, background in education and family environment.
I was born with a bilateral severe profound deafness and about 95% of hearing people can understand me. When I was a child, people would ask me where I was from but now that I think about it, it has been at least 10 years since anyone has asked me that. Either my speech has improved or that comment goes in and out of my eyes.
Many people said that my speech has improved since learning ASL which I find odd but they are the ones who are hearing so I guess it must be true!