How Cueing Helps Solve Weaknesses in Deaf Education
Children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing and use either the oral or manual approach to communication and language typically struggle with decoding the phonemic information needed to process written English.
Signing does not provide phonemic awareness for spoken languages. Students who use a sign system or ASL struggle with connecting the signs to printed words.
Oral/aural communication does not provide complete information about the spoken language, with many of the phonemes looking identical on the mouth (such as /t, d, n, l/ or /i, e/).
Cueing a language provides information at the phonemic level, so the process for cuers to connect spoken words to print is similar to the process used by hearing children. One interesting study showed that deaf cuers and hearing children make similar spelling mistakes.
For example, they might write blue as “bloo” or done as “dun.” However, deaf signers’ spelling mistakes tend to be related to sequencing, such as “bule” instead of blue.
Also, deaf or hard-of-hearing signers typically struggle with the idea of rhyming and don’t understand how words such as bird and word are rhymes, but here and where are not.
A deaf signer’s interaction and understanding of English is largely based on the printed word. However, deaf cuers typically have the same understanding of rhyming as their hearing peers and can identify rhyme pairs as well as produce spontaneous rhymes.
Rhyming is often used as a predictor of future reading success in hearing children. Without the ability to rhyme and manipulate the phonemes of the language, reading will plateau at the third- or fourth-grade level.
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