It went better!
I ran through a battery of tests for various central auditory processing disorders. I showed as normal/perfect for most of the tests, and in a few showed below average, but normal, scores. However, in three areas, I received scores outside of the normal range. The most significant of these was the "speech-in-noise" test.
According to my audiologist, the lower bound for normal hearing is 64% on this test, meaning that people understand 64% of the words spoken in speech. 64% would still mean the person has considerable difficulty understanding speech in noise, but not enough to be considered "abnormally difficult." In my left ear, I got a score of 44%. In my right, 56%.
Along with the other things we identified, this clearly shows that I have a CAPD, primarily centered in audio processing that takes place in my brain stem. According to the ADA, this is a "physical hearing disorder."
Apparently, there are training exercises that can help with this disorder, and its recognition under the ADA gives me access to some things that might help me, such as captioned telephone services. But all that aside, I'm just relieved to finally know what's going on with me.