Kaitin
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It needs to be determined by (hopefully) SCOTUS.
How is the US Supreme Court is determining this?
The US federal government has the ADA that requires "effective communication", including "qualified interpreters".
The Title II regulation defines a qualified interpreter as one who is able "to interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially both receptively and expressively, using any necessary specialized vocabulary." 28 C.F.R. Section 35.104. In its Analysis, the Justice Department cautions that this definition does not limit or invalidate state-imposed interpreter standards that are more stringent than the ADA's definition. Thus, if a state requires its court interpreters to be certified, such requirement is not superseded by the ADA.
(from Sound Choice Assistive Listening and the ADA - Communications Accomodations Project: EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION FOR DEAF INDIVIDUALS IN STATE AND LOCAL COURTS; OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT)
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NAD has interesting information on states laws with interpreters, but nothing about the Supreme Court.
From NAD: Developing State Legislation on Certifying and Licensing Interpreters
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) basically gives deaf and hard of hearing individuals the right to a qualified interpreter. However, the definition of "qualified interpreter" is very broad and does not establish the standards for the interpreters before they are hired to provide interpreting services. Some states passed laws to further define the "qualified interpreter" by establishing the standards. The standards established by these states are greatly varied. A few states recognize certifications from both NAD and RID, some states recognize certifications from only RID, and some states do not even honor any nationally recognized certifications. Moreover, many states do not recognize both certifications from NAD and RID in all settings such as legal, administrative proceedings, education, and private and public entities. Most states recognize both certifications for only one or two settings. There are only four states have comprehensive laws on certifying and licensing interpreters for all settings. These states are Alabama, Connecticut, Kentucky, and Rhode Island.
Today, more states are interested in developing their state legislation on certifying and licensing interpreters for all settings. The National Association of the Deaf has been receiving many requests for the information for developing their state legislation on certifying and licensing interpreters.
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NAD also has a list of all the state laws on interpreters: Table of State Laws and Regulations on Requirements of Interpreters
When will the Supreme Court decide?