Most of your heatstroke patients aren’t sweating — the sweating mechanism has been overwhelmed. You may find ‘em with wet skins, though — because the sweat that was there before hasn’t dried off. Wipe ‘em down with a towel — if no new sweat forms, be very suspiscious. The patient can be going into heat stroke even if the sweat is still pouring off him. The main thing is the core temperature: 105, 106, higher.
Signs and symptoms:
High body temperature.
Decreased level of consciousness.
Change in behavior.
Not sweating in a hot environment.
Skin may be red or pale, depending on whether vasodilation has shut down yet.
Signs of shock: elevated heart rate and breathing; decreased blood pressure.
Not all of these signs and symptoms will be present in every case.
This one is a medical emergency. You have to act, right now. Your first and biggest objective is to lower the core temperature, and do it by any means available.
Move the person out of the hot environment.
Set air conditioning to maximum.
Remove the patient’s clothing.
Put cold packs on neck, armpits, groin.
Cover the patient with wet sheets or towels, or spray a mist of water on him.
Aggressively fan the patient, even if you can’t dampen the skin.
While all this is going on, be on the phone to 9-1-1. Even if you save the brain you may not have saved the kidneys. This person needs to be in a hospital.
One minor caveat: Try not to put the patient into hypothermia. If he starts shivering he’s just going to build body temperature back up.
Death is nature’s way of telling you to slow down.
Hydration. Water is your friend. How much water? Just like with hypothermia, drink water until your urine is frequent, copious, and clear. Drink water even if you aren’t thirsty. Line up eight to twelve half-liter bottles of water on your desk and drink one of them at the top of every hour.
This brings us to the subject of Water Intoxication. Every year you lose a frat pledge or two from this — being forced to drink large amounts of water over short periods. What happens is the electrolytes get washed out of the body, and Bad Stuff (like cardiac arrythmias) follow. So, drink your water over long periods of time, and keep up your salt intake. Pretzels, potato chips, lemonade, watermelon, bananas … but not salt pills. (Salt pills can rip your stomach and can send you into hypernatremia, which has its own constellation of not-fun signs and symptoms.)
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