Sorry, my last post was, perhaps, a bit sarcastic. I didn't mean to use that tone.
As a hearing person learning ASL as a child, I learned the concepts that were important to communicate with my friend first. I learned how to ask if my friend wanted to play (WANT PLAY?). I learned to ask to use the bathroom (TOILET?). I learned to say THANK YOU, PLEASE, DOG, NICE, etc. These are all words that a child learns first. Of course, MOM, DAD, PARENTS, BROTHER, SISTER... However, I also learned to put interrogation words at the end of sentence and to furrow my eyebrows. I also learned to place topic and the facial expression associated with a topic marker at the beginning of a sentence. Finally, I stopped trying to find a sign that was a conjugation of the English word "are" and "be". They are redundant in ASL.
I would imagine that an adult learning ASL would learn a slightly modified set of object words. However, to be understood by an ASL-signing deaf person, you need to understand the basic concepts of ASL grammar.
I hope that was a more complete and direct answer to your original question.