Only if it is written into the employee's file and the request is a standing one. Nor does it hold true for day to day communications. A terp and a union rep do not follow a deaf employee around for any and all communication with a superior.
This was obviously not a disciplinary "meeting" as the OP's introductory sentence was:
For example, at work my supervisor or co-worker and I communicate by writing .
I was not addressing Federal standards for disciplinary meetings, but for day to day communications as was stated in the OP.
Having terped for Federal employees involved in disciplinary meetings, I will defer to you regarding that situation.