I think you are right, that the primary issue is detecting individuals with a specific gene mutation which is known to cause deafness in those who take antibiotics.
It also seems that the article is specifically referring to the Chinese population- that particular genes known to cause deafness are known and recognized in the Chinese population, so studies done with other populations wouldn't really refute or support that point.
And I agree, the part Botti highlighted is ominous.
The one child policy is far more widespread than the Chinese gov't wants to admit. Otherwise, Chen Guangcheng, the blind activist who recently revealed just how widespread the forced sterilizations and abortions really are, would be a free man.
Peter Navarro and Greg Autry: Blind Man's Bluff and Peddling Flesh in Today's China
